 หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Feasibility of Using Ultrasound-Assisted Biodiesel Production from Degummed-Deacidifi ed Mixed Crude Palm Oil Using Small-Scale Circulation) ผู้เขียน: Krit Somnuk, Pruittikorn Smithmaitrie, Gumpon Prateepchaikul สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractA transesterifi cation reaction of degummed-deacidifi ed mixed crude palm oil (DDMCPO) with methanol in the presence of alkali-catalyst NaOH was performed in a 400 W small-scale ultrasonic circulation process at a low frequency of 20 kHz with an input capacity of 4 ? 100 W. The various parameters used were methanol (16, 23 and 30% by volume) and a base catalyst of 3, 5 and 7 g NaOH per liter of oil. The results of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion with and without ultrasonic irradiation assistance were compared and showed that the maximum FAME conversion of 92.5% by weight could be achieved with 7 g NaOH per liter of oil and 23% by volume methanol with a reaction temperature of 45 oC and a total residence time of more than 6 min. Furthermore, these conditions were used to compare the effect of FAME conversion with and without the ultrasonic irradiation. The results clearly indicated that circulation of the mixture using ultrasound energy had more signifi cant potential in the conversion of oil to FAME than the circulation of the mixture through the reactor without ultrasound energy. Consequently, the use of ultrasound irradiation can reduce the reaction time and increase the FAME conversion. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Optimization of High Free Fatty Acid Reduction in Mixed Crude Palm Oil Using Ultrasound: A Response Surface Methodology Approach) ผู้เขียน:Krit Somnuk, Thanansak Theppaya, Pruittikorn Smithmaitrie, Gumpon Prateepchaikul สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractReduction of the acid value in mixed crude palm oil (MCPO) with methanol and acid-catalyst H2SO4 was carried out in an ultrasonic homogenizer at a low-frequency of 18 kHz with 1,000 W. This work was undertaken with fixed values of 1.62 W.mm-2 for the high surface power density at the horn tip and 20 W.mL-2 for the volumetric acoustic energy. The objective was to determine the relationship between various important parameters and the response variable of acid-catalyzed esterification to obtain the lowest acid value. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the operating parameters of the ultrasonic esterification process. A 5-level, 3-factor, central composite design was applied to optimize the three key reaction variables (methanol concentration, sulfuric acid concentration and ultrasonic irradiation time) to reduce the acid value of the MCPO from 28 mg.g-1 KOH to less than 2 mg.g-1 KOH. The results indicated that the factors have significant effects on the reduction of the acid value. Furthermore, optimization of the reduction of the acid value could be achieved with 24.8% (by volume) methanol, 3.7% (by volume) sulfuric acid and an ultrasonic irradiation time of 96 s. |